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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Mediastinitis in cardiac surgery: evaluation of risk factors and treatment with continuous irrigation with PVPI 1% solution

Luiz Cláudio Moreira LimaI; Fernando Antônio Roquete Reis FilhoI; Leonardo A GonçalvesI; Maurício C GomesI; Luciana CasséteI; Raul Corrêa RabeloI; Rodrigo de Castro BernardesI

DOI: 10.1590/S0102-76381996000300008

ABSTRACT

In order to evaluate the efficacy of mediastinitis treatment with continuous wound irrigation with PVP11 % solution, plus antibyotics and surgical treatment, and to analise the risk factors of this serious infection, we retrospectively studied 1113 patients submited to cardiac surgery, between. January 1993 and April 1995, at the Instituto do Coração do Hospital Madre Tereza, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Eleven risk factors to mediastinitis were analized: age, sex, weight, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, blood transfusion, lenght of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), use of internal thoracic artery graft, pleural drainaige and hospital stay prior to surgery. Eighteen (1.68%) patients developed mediastinitis in the postoperative period and were treated with surgical intervention, continuous irrigation with PVP 11 % solution and antibyotics, during an average of 8 days. The hospital stay for this group of patients was in average 37 days. The predominant microorganism found was S. aureus (72%). The mortality was 27% (5 patients) due to disseminated infection. The authors conclude that continuous wound irrigation with PVP 11 % solution was an ease procedure with low mortality rate. The present method is effective in the treatment of this serious post-operative complication.

RESUMO

Com o objetivo de avaliar a eficácia do tratamento da mediastinite com irrigação contínua com solução de polivinilpirrolidona-iodo (PVPI) a 1 %, associada a antibioticoterapia e analisar os fatores de risco desta grave infecção, foram estudados, retrospectivamente, 1113 pacientes submetidos a cirurgia para correção de lesões cardíacas, entre janeiro de 1993 e abril de 1995, no Instituto do Coração do Hospital Madre Teresa, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Onze fatores de risco para mediastinite foram analisados (idade, sexo, peso, diabetes, hipertensão arterial sistêmica, tabagismo, transfusão sangüínea, tempo de circulação extracorpórea, utilização de enxerto de artéria torácica interna, drenagem pleural e tempo de internação preoperatorio). A análise estatística demonstrou serem fatores de risco: peso (p=0,0001), utilização de enxerto de artéria torácica interna (p=0,001), drenagem de pleura (p=0,001) e tempo de internação pré-operatório (p=0,01). Dezoito (1,6%) pacientes desenvolveram mediastinite no pós-operatório e foram submetidos a tratamento por aesbridamento cirúrgico, ressutura de esterno e instalação de irrigação contínua com solução de PVPI a 1 %, por um período médio de 8 dias. A média de internação hospitalar foi de 37 dias neste grupo de pacientes. O germe predominante foi o S. Aureus (72%). A mortalidade foi de 27% (5 pacientes), devido a infecção fora de controle. Os autores consideram que a facilidade de emprego e manejo da irrigação contínua com solução de PVPI a 1 %, associada a baixa taxa de mortalidade, demonstrou ser um método eficaz no tratamento desta grave complicação pós-operatória.
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