José Luiz Verde dos Santos; Domingo M Braile; Marcelo José F Soares; Walter Rade; Marcos Antônio Rossi; Rubens Thevenard; Dorotéia R. Silva Souza
DOI: 10.1590/S0102-76381990000100003
RESUMO
Doenças congênitas, como a atresia pulmonar e a tétrade de Fallot, entre outras, têm sido corrigidas com o uso de condutos extracardíacos. Existe uma variedade de condutos, valvulados ou não, que possibilita o acesso do fluxo sangüíneo do ventrículo direito à circulação pulmonar. Contudo, os tubos plásticos com válvulas biológicas ou metálicas apresentam problemas de degeneração e obstrução da prótese e peeling do tubo, além do alto custo. A experiência adquirida com o pericárdio bovino tratado, mostrando-se impermeável e de fácil sutura, possibilitou a confecção de tubos valvulados que, neste estudo, foram avaliados quanto a obstrução, calcificação e dilatação. A utilização de um modelo experimental animal permitiu a avaliação periódica detalhada por ecodopplercardiografia e cateterismo durante um, três e seis meses de evolução. As peças recuperadas foram estudadas por microscopia óptica e raios X, com a análise de diversas regiões da bioprótese. O exame macroscópico mostrou o pericárdio dos tubos preservados com sinais de pseudo-endotelizaçáo, e a maioria das válvulas com calcificação moderada, mas ainda com boa função. São apresentados e discutidos a técnica operatória empregada sem circulação extracorpórea e os resultados com o seguimento de cinco animais (carneiros), durante seis meses. Os autores concluem que o enxerto tubular valvulado de pericárdio bovino mostrou bons resultados na via de saída do ventrículo direito, permitindo prever um resultado satisfatório quando empregado em seres humanos, pela conhecida relação de degeneração acelerada das próteses biológicas no modelo experimental estudado, muitas vezes maior que no homem.ABSTRACT
Congenital diseases as pulmonary atresia, tetralogy of Fallot, among others, have been corrected using the extracardiac conduits. There is a variety of conduits valved or not that make possible the access of sanguineous flux from right ventricle to pulmonary circulation. However, the synthetic conduits with biologic or metalic valves shows prosthesis degeneration and obstruction problems and peeling of the conduit, moreover, they are very expensive. The experience with treated bovine pericardium showing it is impermeable and easy to suture, led to the production of valved conduits that in this study were evaluated for obstruction, calcification and stretching. The utilization of an animal experimental model allowed the detailed periodic evaluation by echodopplercardiography and cateterism during one, three and six months. The recuperated conduits were studied by optical microscopy and X ray, with several parts of the bioprosthesis analysed. The microscopic examination showed the conduits pericardium preserved with signs of pseudo-endotelization, and the majority of valves with moderate calcification, but with good function yet. The surgery technique without extracorporeal circulation and the results with the follow-up of five animals during six months are presented and discussed. The authors conclude that the bovine pericardium valved conduit showed good results in the right ventricule outlet, allowing to expect a satisfatory result when applied in human beings by the known relation of acelerated degeneration of the biological prostheses on the studied experimental model, several times greater than in man.REFERÊNCIAS
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