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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Late follow-up of 291 patients who underwent heart valve replacement with mechanical valves

Carlos M. A BrandãoI; Pablo M. A PomerantzeffI; Luiz C. A BrandãoI; Max GrinbergI; Noedir A. G StolfI; Geraldo VerginelliI; Adib D JateneI

DOI: 10.1590/S0102-76381995000100007

ABSTRACT

Between January 1980 and December 1993, 291 patients underwent valve replacement with mechanical valves in the Heart Institute of HCFMUSP. One hundred and eighty seven (64.3%) patients were male, aged between 2 months and 78 years (average 38.3 +/-18.5). The ethiology was rheumatic in 132 patients (45.4%). Were inserted 315 mechanical valves, 201 aortic, 77 mitral, 15 double aortic-mitral, 2 tricuspid, 1 double mitral-tricuspid, and 1 triple mitral-aortic-tricuspid. There were associated procedures in 164 patients (56.4%), the most frequent was replacement of ascending aorta in 49 (16.8%). One hundred and forty one patients (48.4%) underwent previous heart valve surgery. Follow-up data are reported concerning functional status (NYHA) and valve related complications. Early mortality rate was 12.4% (36 patients). Followup totaled 10078 months/patient (159 patients), with a mean follow-up period of 40.6 months. The linearized rates of thromboembolism, hemorrhage related to antithrombotic therapy, late death, endocarditis, paravalvular leak and hemolysis were 1.33%, 0.95%, 1.9%, 0.19%, 0.57% and 0.57% patients/year, respectively. Fourteen year survival rate was 63.8%. Eighty two percent of the patients were in functional class I in the postoperative period. It was possible to conclude that the patients submitted to mechanical valve replacement had a satisfactory clinical evolution.

RESUMO

No período de janeiro de 1980 a dezembro de 1993, 291 pacientes foram submetidos a substituição valvar por próteses metálicas, no Instituto do Coração do HCFMUSP. Cento e oitenta e sete (64,3%) pacientes eram do sexo masculino, com idade variando de 2 meses a 78 anos (média de 38,3 +/-18,5). A etiologia das lesões foi reumática em 132 (45,4%) pacientes. Foram realizadas 201 substituições da valva aórtica, 77 da valva mitral, 15 duplas substituições mitro-aórticas, 2 substituições da valva tricúspide, 1 dupla substituição mitro-tricuspídea e 1 tríplice substituição mitro-aórtico-tricuspídea, totalizando 315 substituições valvares. Cirurgias associadas foram realizadas em 164 (56,4%) pacientes, sendo a mais freqüente a correção de aneurisma de aorta ascendente em 49 (16,8%) pacientes Cento e quarenta e um (48,4%) pacientes foram submetidos anteriormente a cirurgias valvares. Os pacientes foram avaliados clinicamente no pós-operatório tardio, segundo a classe funcional (NYHA) e o aparecimento de complicações relacionadas às próteses e à anticoagulação. A mortalidade imediata foi de 36 (12,4%) pacientes. Foram estudados 159 pacientes no pós-operatório tardio, com um tempo médio de evolução de 40,6 meses (10078 meses/paciente). As taxas linearizadas para tromboembolismo, hemorragia relacionada à anticoagulação, óbito tardio, endocardite, escape paravalvar e hemólise no pós-operatório tardio foram, respectivamente, 1,33%, 0,95%, 1,9%, 0,19%, 0,57% e 0,57% pacientes/ano. A curva actuarial de sobrevida em 14 anos é de 63,8%. Oitenta e dois porcento dos pacientes encontram-se em classe funcional I no pós-operatório tardio. Podemos concluir que os nossos resultados foram bastante satisfatórios com a utilização de próteses metálicas.
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