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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Anatomopathological study of patients submitted to valvar surgery at InCór-HC FMUSP

Hélio A FabriI; Pablo M. A PomerantzeffI; Ana Cristina M MonteiroI; Paulo GutierrezI; Raimunda ViolanteI; José Otávio C Auler JúniorI; Max GrinbergI; Geraldo VerginelliI; Adib D JateneI

DOI: 10.1590/S0102-76381992000400002

ABSTRACT

Of the 44 necropsies which were carried out in patients submitted to valvar surgery in 199 0 at InCór (Instituto do Coração), the following clinical causes of death were found in Mitral patients: coagulopathy and bleeding in 11 cases; low cardiac output in 7; cardiogenic shock in 5; septic shock in 3; failure of multiple organs in 3; acute respiratory distress syndrom (ARDS) in 2; severe ventricular arrythmia in 2, and pulmonary thromboembolism in 1. In aortic patients: coagulopathy and bleeding in 5 cases; cardiogenic shock in 2; septicaemia in 3; ruptured micotic aneurism in 1; stroke in 1, and ventricular arrhythmia in 1. In mitroaortic patients: coagulopathy and bleeding in 2 cases; pulmonary thromboembolism in 2; septicaemia in 1; severe ventricular arrythmia in 1, and ARDS in 1. The following anatomopathological causes of death were observed. In mitral patients: hemorrhagic shock in 13 cases; failure of multiple organs in 4; septic shock in 3; broncopneumonia in 4; acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in 3; cardiogenic shock in 3; cerebral hemorrahage in 1, and ARDS in 1. In aortic patients: endocarditis in 3 cases: hemorrhagic shock in 2; cerebral hemorrhage in 2; AMI in 1; cardiogenic shock in 1; septicaemia in 1; acute respiratory distress syndrom (ARDS) in 1, and acute dissection of the aorta, with coagulopathy in 1. In mitroaortic patients: failure of multiple organs in 2 cases; pulmonary thromboembolism in 2; ARDS in 1; hemorrhagic shock in 1, and endocarditis in 1. We concluded that there was correlation between the clinical and anatomopathological diagnoses in 36 patients, corresponding to 82 % of the cases, the principal cause of death being due to hemorrhagic shock. An important observation which was made in this study, was that 11 (25%) patients had some form of chronic hepatopathy which had not previously diagnosed from the clinical laboratory study. Some of the patients which developed clinically unexplained low cardiac output presented subendocardial infarct as an anatomopathological finding.

RESUMO

Das 44 necropsias realizadas em pacientes submetidos a cirurgia valvar no ano de 1990 no InCór, foram encontradas como causas clínicas de óbito nos pacientes mitrais: coagulopatia e sangramento em 11 casos; baixo débito em 7; choque cardiogênico em 5; choque séptico em 3; falência de múltiplos órgãos em 3; síndrome da angústia respiratória do adulto (S.A.R.A.) em 2; arritmia ventricular severa em 2; tromboembolismo pulmonar (T.E.P.) em 1. Nos pacientes aórticos: coagulopatia e sangramento em 5; choque cardiogênico em 2; septicemia em 3; aneurisma micótico roto em 1; acidente vascular cerebral hemorrágico (A.V.C.H.) em 1; arritmia venticular em 1. Nos pacientes mitro-aórticos: coagulopatia e sangramento em 2; T.E.P. em 2; septicemia em 1; arritmia ventricular severa em 1; S.A.R.A. em 1. Encontramos como causas anatomopatológicas de óbito nos pacientes mitrais: choque hemorrágico em 13; falência de múltiplos órgãos em 4; choque séptico em 3; broncopneumonia (B.C.P.) em 4; infarto agudo do miocárdio (I.A.M.) em 3; choque cardiogênico em 3; hemorragia cerebral em 1; S.A.R.A. em 1. Nos pacientes aórticos: endocardite em 3; choque hemorrágico em 2; hemorragia cerebral em 2; I.A.M. em 1; choque cardiogênico em 1; septicemia em 1; S.A.R.A. em 1; dissecção aguda de aorta com coagulopatia em 1. Nos pacientes mitro-aórticos: falência de múltiplos órgãos em 2; T.E.P. em 2; S.A.R.A. em 1; choque hemorrágico em 1; endocardite em 1. Concluímos haver correlação entre diagnóstico clínico e anatomopatológico em 36 pacientes, correspondendo a 82% dos casos, sendo a principal causa de óbito o choque hemorrágico. Uma observação importante: 11 (25%) pacientes apresentavam alguma forma de hepatopatia crônica, não diagnosticada anteriormente pelo estudo clínico-laboratorial, e que alguns pacientes que evoluíram em baixo débito, não explicado clinicamente, tiveram como achado anatomopatológico infarto subendocárdico.
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